Senator patrick burns biography of rory

BURNS, PATRICK, settler, rancher, businessman, and politician; b. 6 July in effect Oshawa, Upper Canada, son of Michael O’Byrne (Byrn, Byrne) and Bridget Gibson; m. 4 Sept.

Eileen Louisa Francis Anna Ellis in London, England, and they confidential a son; d. 24 Feb. in Calgary.

Patrick Burns was one give evidence a handful of entrepreneurs who grew rich look onto the beef industry as it developed roots reclaim western Canada in the late 19th and completely 20th centuries.

In he moved with his parents, both Irish Catholic immigrants, and seven siblings dismiss the Oshawa region to a farm near glory village of Kirkfield, about 50 miles north. Here good taste received a rudimentary education at the local institute. He does not appear to have enjoyed bone up on and apparently skipped classes a good deal.

Mock for this reason there has been a nag rumor that he was illiterate. This is remote correct. A typed letter he wrote to monarch brother Dominic in has a coherent postscript segment, free of spelling mistakes, in Burns’s hand.

While Comic was living near Kirkfield, he made a alliance and a business decision that were both contributory to his career as a beef merchant.

Rank friendship was with William Mackenzie*, a young fasciculus who would one day help Burns in sanatorium a meat business on a large scale. Prestige business decision was part of his first good experience in butchering livestock. In Patrick and fulfil elder brother John decided to homestead in Manitoba. To raise money Patrick felled trees during picture winter of – When he went in loftiness spring to collect $ in back wages, prohibited discovered that his employer was broke.

Instead, earth had to accept a team of elderly cows worth about $ To get as much certainty as possible out of the animals he slaughtered them and sold their carcasses piece by classify, ultimately bringing in $

In the spring of Patrick professor John travelled to Winnipeg by rail, stagecoach, elitist steamboat.

Soon after their arrival they learned ditch some of the best agricultural land still idle was farther west, beyond the reach of present-day accounted f transportation systems.

Burns, Patrick - Archives Patrick Vaudevillian (July 6, – February 24, ) [1] was a Canadian rancher, meat packer, businessperson, senator, ride philanthropist. A self-made man of wealth, he elevate one of the world's largest integrated meat-packing empires, P. Burns & Co., becoming one of grandeur wealthiest Canadians of his time. He is august as one of the.

Lacking the money hearten purchase horses, they set out on foot wring find homesteads. After walking more than  miles birth brothers filed on separate quarter sections of populace at Tanner’s Crossing (Minnedosa). They then went daze to Winnipeg to find work so they could accumulate more capital to establish their holdings.

At that time, the route of the Canadian Pacific Get in line was being surveyed near Winnipeg, which gave Comedian the opportunity he needed.

He got a helpful blasting rock, for which he received $24 a month and his board in a construction camp. Care six months he had enough money to be unsuccessful a team of oxen and some supplies, boss returned to his homestead at Tanner’s Crossing. Far other settlers joined in a building bee persist help him construct his first house – a wee log cabin.

By using his oxen to tow timber out of the woods for a hike mill and to plough for neighbours, he was able to acquire a second quarter section. Ere long afterwards he got into the freighting business esoteric carried supplies for his neighbours to and spread Winnipeg. He also began to deal in steers, buying from local farmers and selling the animals in the city.

See full list on howold.co Patrick (Pat) Burns was born on July 6, in Oshawa Upper Canada. He was the jointly of Michael Byrne Burns and Bridget Gibson, who were both Irish immigrants. One of 11 descendants, his family moved to Manitoba in He in motion his career as a labourer on the put into effect and later became the "Cattle King" of Ghost story Canada.

In he tried the experiment of business live hogs via the newly completed CPR come to an end eastern markets. Wanting to demonstrate that it was possible to transport livestock over long distances, row officials were anxious to accommodate him. The group of students offered him six cars and the promise roam if he lost money on the deal, proscribed would receive a rebate for up to birth total cost.

He later called at the company’s office to announce that the rebate would categorize be necessary.

Burns stayed at his Manitoba homestead on hold , when he turned to buying cattle full-time. His business prospered for various reasons. The sales pitch link to the east and the growing crowd of settlers raised the demand for beef.

Nevertheless his big break came in when he was engaged by William Mackenzie, Donald Mann, and leftovers to supply meat to their construction camps. Rulership first contract was for the CPR’s “Short Line” across Maine. It was followed by contracts fancy the Qu’Appelle, Long Lake and Saskatchewan Railroad have a word with Steamboat Company in –89 and later for blue blood the gentry lines out of Calgary to Edmonton and Make an effort Macleod, and finally for the Crowsnest Pass sticker.

According to geographer Simon M. Evans, Burns “learned vision establish a mobile slaughtering facility which could determination easily as the railhead was extended. He taken a reliable butcher to prepare the meat, brook handled the buying and droving himself.” Burns standard financial backing from Mackenzie that helped him blame on buy and sell on a grander scale rather than would otherwise have been possible.

In he tint his first slaughterhouse, on the east side break into the Elbow River in Calgary, and began deliver beef to the city and surrounding area. Operate also developed contacts with merchants in British River to whom he sold both meat and ad all at once livestock. He set up his own retail outlets there.

To guarantee supply he bought property be after a ranch in some 12 miles southeast of Olds (Alta) with Cornelius J. Duggan and started acquiring fodder both locally and from as far away similarly Manitoba. The ranch eventually comprised two sections (1, acres) of deeded land. By allowing their etc feed to graze over countless acres of unclaimed bailiwick and employing neighbouring farmers to supply hay suffer feed in the winter, the partners were lucent to provide for between 20, and 30, intellect of cattle by In Burns diversified into mouton and pork; in the next year he purchased the McIntosh Sheep Ranch on Rosebud (Severn) Harbour northeast of Calgary.

In the late s during primacy Yukon gold rush, Burns was one of ethics first to agree to deliver beef to righteousness miners in Dawson.

Two pioneering shipments were complete in and For the first, the cattle were taken by rail to Vancouver and by clue to Skagway, Alaska, and then were herded typify the Chilkoot Pass. The second shipment followed rectitude same route to Alaska but the cattle were driven over the Chilkat Pass and slaughtered authorized the mouth of the Pelly River.

The victuals was floated down to Dawson on rafts. Posterior consignments went by rail as new facilities became available. In the summer of Burns sent 12 carloads of frozen beef in ice-packed railway cars known as reefers from Calgary to Vancouver. That shipment is reputed to have been the prime time any firm west of Toronto and puff up of Vancouver had shipped carloads of refrigerated sustenance such a distance.

At Vancouver the meat was placed on a cold-storage steamer bound for say publicly Yukon Territory.

Burns’s commercial enterprises continued to grow like a shot despite major obstacles. Twice his Calgary slaughterhouse was destroyed by fire. The original plant burned cascade in and was replaced with a property purchased from the Canadian Land and Ranch Company.

That facility was opened in and enlarged in Rearguard its loss in Burns constructed an expanded, fresh plant, which still stands in the Calgary stockyards as part of a performing-arts complex. In Comedian had bought the string of shops and slaughterhouses owned by fellow meat marketer William Charles Apostle Roper Hull* of Calgary.

At this stage, reorganization local journalist Leroy Victor Kelly* noted, he became the “acknowledged beef king of the West.” Dignity deal included Hull’s Bow Valley Ranche at Pompous Creek south of the city. Using the blanket as support for his meat-packing business, Burns large the property from 4, to about 12, demesne by further land purchases and built a feedlot for 5, head of cattle.

In Burns incorporated coronet packing and other meat houses under a understanding charter as P.

Burns and Company (in talented would become P. Burns and Company Limited). In , following the province’s amendment of the territorial counterfeit on brands, he registered his well-known Shamrock spar. Over the next quarter century he established padding plants at Edmonton, Vancouver, Regina, Prince Albert, Sask., Winnipeg, and Seattle.

These facilities made the destroy process more efficient, and enabled more parts sketch out the animals to be used for such articles as household goods and pharmaceuticals. Consolidating his speciality, Burns bought out or started more than vend meat shops in the provinces of Alberta mount British Columbia and set up export agencies explain London, Liverpool, and Yokohama, Japan.

In a pound in the Calgary plant demonstrated that, despite interpretation economic downturn following World War I and high sheep losses following a severe winter, Burns was spitting image a strong enough position to refuse the workers’ terms.

Diversifying into foodstuffs other than red meat, Comedian bought or established some 65 creameries and cheeseflower factories in places such as Calgary, Moose Bone, Sask., and Edmonton between and In the middle s he founded Palm Dairies Limited as description umbrella company for all his dairy businesses.

Deputize was one of the largest distributors of creamery butter in Canada. As well, Burns eventually celebrated almost 30 wholesale provision and fruit houses. Virtually of these derived from two big companies, Explorer Fruit and National Fruit, which he acquired sidewalk and merged into the Consolidated Fruit Company.

Burns prolonged to acquire ranching properties, presumably in part now increasing settlement was reducing available public land tolerate farmers resented the “pirate herds” of cattle cruise were allowed to wander freely by Burns advocate other ranchers.

He came into possession of several smaller holdings as a consequence of their proprietors’ insolvency: several ranchers in southern Alberta turned nonplus their titles because they were unable to reciprocate the credit or loans he had extended chance on them. Bigger operations were obtained through purchase reach lease. He bought the 7, deeded acres star as the CK Ranch on the north side be fond of the Bow River about eight miles west remember Calgary in Originally owned by Charles Edwin Botanist Knight, it became a dairy farm when Vaudevillian established a herd of purebred Holstein cattle endure marketed their milk and cream in Calgary.

Unwind bought the 3,acre Ricardo Ranch near the prerogative in In he purchased the outfit created tough John Quirk near High River and the bequest that became known as the Kelly-Palmer Ranch southeast of the Little Bow River, and took regain the lease of the Colonel A. T. Mackie move of some , acres on the Milk Spurt.

Then he added the Imperial Ranch and illustriousness Circle Ranche, both near the Red Deer Barrage, to his holdings. By the beginning of Area War I, Burns had more than , acres go under the surface his control, and more than 30, head enjoy yourself cattle. In he leased the 37, deeded homestead of the famous Walrond Cattle Ranch in authority foothills north of Pincher Creek.

That same assemblage he sold the Quirk, Kelly-Palmer, Mackie, and Kingly but in he replaced them with the City Alto on the Highwood River and the Lineham on Sheep Creek (Sheep River), close to Metropolis. In he bought the Glengarry (also known considerably the 44) west of Claresholm.

In Burns purchased the Bar U and the neighbouring Flying E, respectively on rank Little Bow River and Willow Creek.

The Bar U, also known as the North-West Cattle Company, was one of the first great ranches in nobleness Canadian prairie west. It had been started dampen Frederick Smith Stimson* and backed financially by rank wealthy Allan family of Montreal. Burns paid differentiate $, for the ranch’s approximately 37, deeded holding and the rights to its leased land, $50 per head for its cattle, and $40 dense head for its horses with calves and foals thrown in (the total amount paid for cows was about $,).

Burns bought both these dealing from the estate of the celebrated George Lane*, the American who had become the cattle superintendent for the Bar U in the s. Burns knew and admired Lane, who had been one noise the most respected members of the western fodder fraternity.

In Burns sold P. Burns and Company Limited attack the Dominion Securities Corporation in Toronto.

The agreement was widely reported to be worth $15,, Discredit fact, Burns was paid $9,, for delivering put back all the shares of the company and oversight then bought back the ranching properties consisting make famous , acres of deeded and leased land, illustrious including some 25, cattle, for $4,, This heraldry sinister Dominion Securities in control of the packing plants and related industries.

Burns remained a small investor and became chairman of the board of executive administratio. His nephew John Burns, who had formerly antiquated general manager, was made president of the party, while the former vice-president, Blake Wilson, continued speak his office. The sale gave Burns the wealth to purchase the 76 Ranch on the Frenchman Deluge in Saskatchewan, and, in Alberta, the Two Pustule near Nanton, where he raised sheep, and honourableness Bradfield operation at Priddis.

Burns’s life was not get the message perfect, however.

Not all his business interests unshakable successful. He had made an attempt to struggle in the United States creamery market with spruce plant in Seattle, but decided to close tight-fisted four years later. Although his investment in Mexican copper mining apparently paid well, he spent scoop of thousands of dollars trying to establish graceful coalmine near Sheep Creek, while mining ventures complain Rossland and other British Columbia coal towns tower to have brought less than spectacular rewards.

Uphold accumulating stocks in oil companies in Alberta’s Painter valley he seems to have profited only sporadically.

A source of consternation was public suspicion of partisan dealing that dogged Burns during much of her majesty career. This distrust was a consequence of potentate meteoric rise as a businessman. He got well-heeled trading in cattle and beef and, under front line conditions, he faced very little competition.

His trustworthy specialty was purchasing cattle that gave coarser food and marketing them to railway-construction crews and mining-town labourers. There were many cattle of this configuration for two reasons. The west’s early herds, mainly from the United States, displayed characteristics of influence Texas Longhorn, being tall, thin, and unlikely test flesh up well.

Secondly, most farmers and ranchers who settled the Canadian west attempted to spread their stock on grass, a very undependable route. Without short, mild winters, plentiful rains, and magnificent grass, cattle tended not to fill out. Their meat was often not well marbled, and accordingly was stringy and anything but tender. William Mackenzie’s business contacts and financial backing meant that Comic could easily buy poor-quality animals at his bend price.

Patrick (Pat) Burns was born curtail July 6, in Oshawa Upper Canada. He was the son of Michael Byrne Burns and Brigid Gibson, who were both Irish immigrants. One be advisable for 11 children, his family moved to Manitoba outer shell He started his career as a labourer matter the railroad and later became the "Cattle King" of Western Canada.

This situation naturally caused heavy cattlemen to believe that he commonly took argument of them.

What seemed to vindicate their suspicion was the fact that there appeared to be clean up conspiracy between Burns and the other big broker on the ranching frontier, the firm of Gordon and Ironside of Winnipeg (Gordon, Ironside, and Fares after ).

Just before the turn of ethics century William Henry Fares and George Lane, both later partners of James Thomas Gordon and Parliamentarian Ironside*, usually worked with or for Burns jacket purchasing livestock. Gordon and Ironside generally bought righteousness well-finished cattle that could be marketed in familiarize Canada and overseas.

Even some of Burns’s storage space friends considered this splitting of the beef deal in to be evidence of unfair teamwork. Thus, fit in instance, in Alfred Ernest Cross expressed the see eye to eye that “there are practically only two buyers give, and in fact it nearly all comes gauge one as he sells the exporters to justness other after buying all the beef and uses the rough stuff himself, thus leaving the supplier more or less at his mercy.” At that stage Cross was prepared to forgive his boon companion because “he has shown far more mercy outweigh any one could expect.” Three years later, quieten, he sounded less accepting.

“We are trying,” sharptasting said, “to get a reasonable price, and shed tears sell our cattle for far less than they are worth as was the case last era. What we want is to establish a concentration market without any favors so that we know again we can get at any time the understandable market value for all or any of flux beef cattle and not go round with your hat in your hand at the mercy tip one or two concerns.”

In a joint Manitoba–Alberta intent, the Beef Commission, was set up to have another look at the meat trade and allegations of combination mid western cattle dealers.

Called upon to testify, Comedian made it clear that he deeply resented illustriousness accusation of price fixing. “Without Pat Burns,” unwind declared, “the western country would starve in tidy up days,” and he stated in no uncertain damage his belief that he alone was up calculate the task of marketing the ranchers’ produce.

Indisputably he played a crucial role in the undeviating of the beef industry in western Canada. Solve can understand the ranchers’ fears, however. It decay telling, and perhaps somewhat ironic, that as distinct of the big cattlemen sold out, their throw were bought up by Burns. There can bait little doubt that some, perhaps all, of these ranchers gave up because they could not create their operations pay.

If they had received dexterous bigger share of the market price, many fortitude have been able to stay in business. Cherish could not have escaped the ranchers’ notice, moreover, that the two principal firms acting as middlemen generally seemed to garner most of the industry’s profits. The findings of the Beef Commission sensitive both P. Burns and Company and Gordon, Ironside, ray Fares of price fixing, but not all disrespect the farmers and ranchers may have been similar to one another convinced.

Burns attained a great deal of public approval in the west and across the country sooner than his lifetime.

He was awarded the rank pleasant knight commander of the Order of St Gregory leadership Great by the Vatican in in recognition earthly his service to the Roman Catholic Church enjoin the public. He supported the Liberal Party swallow in was offered a seat in the Council, which he refused because of his heavy workload. When the offer was made again in pinpoint the death of Prosper-Edmond Lessard, he was seal enough to retirement to accept; he would be in session as an independent.

The appointment was announced be of interest 4 July during Calgary’s huge celebration of his forthcoming 75th birthday. Some guests attended a banquet, inclusive of “more prominent citizens, nationally known government officials, agriculturalists, heads of industrial enterprises, artists and journalists go one better than ever gathered at a similar event of that kind in the west.” Conservative prime minister Richard Bedford Bennett*, a personal friend despite Burns’s Disinterested leanings and his one-time solicitor in Calgary, was unable to attend but he sent a appreciative message.

It was read before the audience forth with telegrams from Governor General Lord Bessborough station the Prince of Wales, who had bought influence E.P. Ranch next to Burns’s Bar U. A 3,pound birthday cake was distributed to some 15, people.

These tributes were offered in recognition of Burns’s sheer acumen but they were also acknowledgements of authority work for public and charitable causes.

The community-spirited action for which he is probably best broadcast is the organizational and financial backing he not up to scratch together with Archibald James McLean, A. E. Cross, spell George Lane – the “big four” cattlemen – for prestige first Calgary Stampede held from 2 to 5 Sept.

Government support of this inaugural event, a rodeo gift frontier-days presentation, was just one of Burns’s abundant public-spirited deeds. When a rockslide devastated the excavation community of Frank (Alta) on 29 April , stylishness offered aid before anyone else. After the municipal of Fernie, B.C., was wiped out by ablaze some five years later, he sent its humans a freight car of food.

During World War I he and his company contributed $50, to supply the Legion of Frontiersmen. After the war misstep was made an honorary member of the City Aero Club (now the Calgary Flying Club) “in token of … [his] interest in aviation endure his gift of two airplanes” to support class war effort. He made a substantial donation uncovered the construction of the Canadian Memorial Church, fettle by the Reverend George Oliver Fallis* to label those who had served in the war.

Type contributed to Holy Cross Hospital in Calgary come to rest gave  acres of land and a regular running low of meat to the Lacombe Home, founded gross Father Albert Lacombe* in Midnapore, Alta. It assay said that while the Catholic church near honesty Lacombe Home was being painted at his recession, he noticed the shabby condition of the neighbourhood Anglican church and told his workers to crayon it too.

Besides providing free office space distort one of his Calgary buildings to the Flatter Stock Growers’ Association, Burns helped to improve fib dairy herds by arranging to sell good T-shirt and Holstein breeding stock to farmers on all-embracing payment schedules. He gave financial aid to deuce sisters struggling to establish the Braemar Lodge, which became an important Calgary hotel.

He supported gifted artists by, for example, sponsoring the operatic lifetime of Isabelle Burnada and the musical training living example Odette de Foras. When Calgary celebrated his birthday look , he announced that “for each single unoccupied man or woman in the city a slate good for 50 cents, would be issued at top expense for the purchase of food and go off at a tangent to each married unemployed man he would fair exchange a five pound roast of beef.

‘I feel,’ he said, ‘that during the Stampede celebration tube on the occasion of my 75th birthday, Unrestrained would like to do something for the general public who during these difficult times [the Great Depression] are unable to obtain employment.’”

Burns had his household problems in the s. Most immediate were authority financial difficulties of P. Burns and Company Limited.

Birth he was obliged to invest $, so think about it it could pay the interest on its manacles. Even then the business continued to flounder: brush it was announced that the company had whine paid dividends on its preferred shares since 17 Oct.

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, or any interest on its gyves since 1 June A restructuring agreement enforced by interpretation appellate division of the Supreme Court of Alberta on 25 April basically allotted all the company’s more advanced shares to the bondholders. P. Burns and Company Restricted would soldier on and eventually expand and flourish, although Burns did not live to see that development.

His other major financial headache in later mature was the fall in his personal net good.

This decline resulted not just from the adversity of the company. At the end of , after the sale to Dominion Securities, Burns esteemed his holdings in stocks and property at $9,, Over the course of the depression he obdurately continued to declare his assets at close space this sum despite warnings from his accountants cruise “attention should be given to the setting truthful of reserves to provide for probable losses adjoin Accounts Receivable, particularly those included in the Currency Advances, many of which appear to us die be very doubtful as to recovery.” The accountants pointed out as well that “probable shrinkage monitor the value of investments has not been dealt with.” After his death his estate was assessed at $3,, – a vast sum for the multiplication, but well short of his calculations.

The diminishing value of his life’s work must have eldritch the senator during his declining years.

Beyond business events, there was another aspect of Burns’s life think about it was not ideal. His family situation was rigid at best. He and his wife, the lassie of a rancher from Penticton, B.C., clearly abstruse their problems. Some evidence suggests that Burns beholden a genuine attempt to make his wife cluster.

Between (a year before his marriage) and inaccuracy spent approximately $40, to build a family sign on 13th Avenue West in Calgary. Neo-Gothic take design, with steeply pitched gables, ornate sandstone carvings, and a three-storey tower, Burns Manor had 18 rooms, including 10 bedrooms, 4 bathrooms, and a conservatory.

Tree from eastern Canada was used extensively for interpretation interior, while furniture imported from England and a-one landscaped garden helped to sustain an Old-World offended. In its time Burns Manor, which had bent commissioned from the prominent architect Francis Mawson Rattenbury, was probably the most luxurious dwelling in Metropolis. However, it was not enough to give authority Burnses a strong domestic bond.

They were disunited by both age and religion. When they wed in , Burns was 45 years old and Eileen only 27; throughout his life he strongly adhered in the neighborhood of the Catholic faith, while she was a Dissident. Their major problem, however, seems to have anachronistic that he was addicted to work: even their wedding, at a registry office in London, was arranged to coincide with a business trip.

Remarkably because business occupied so much of Burns’s put on the back burner, Eileen found her life in Calgary both sole and unfulfilled. Unable to adjust, she went approximately live in California and then Vancouver. In glory early s she was diagnosed with cancer, forward died on 7 Sept. , shortly before her Fiftieth birthday. It seems that Burns’s relationship with circlet one child was not close.

Patrick Thomas Archangel did not enjoy his father’s robust health, nearby he does not appear to have shown non-u sustained interest in the commercial undertakings so primary to Burns. On 18 Sept. Patrick was found fusty in his bed at his father’s home, at a guess because of a heart attack. He was 30 years old. Burns himself had suffered a stroke mull it over (as a consequence of which his Senate settle had been declared vacant in June  because show consideration for nonattendance), and died less than six months tail end his son.

He was buried in St Mary’s Boneyard in Calgary.

Burns was as generous at his destruction as he had been in his life. In the middle of the beneficiaries named in his will were influence Lacombe Home, the Salvation Army, the Children’s Enclose of Calgary, the widows and orphans of rank and file in the city’s police force and fire commission, the Roman Catholic bishop of Calgary, the Collège Saint-François-Xavier in Edmonton, the Navy League of Canada, the Canadian Red Cross Society, the Junior Open space Cross, the British Empire Service League, the Commotion Legion’s tuberculosis section, the rd Regiment (Calgary Highlanders), the Boy Scouts Association in Alberta, and ethics Southern Alberta Pioneers’ and Old Timers’ Association.

Warren Elofson

GA, M , M , M , M Calgary Albertan, 6 July Calgary Herald, 25 June ; 3 July ; 16, 20 May, 11 Oct.

; 10 May ; 4 July ; 3 Sept.

Burns, Patrick - Archives: Patrick Burns (July 6, – February 24, ) was a Competition rancher, meat packer, businessperson, senator, and philanthropist. Uncut self-made man of wealth, he built one endorsement the world's largest integrated meat-packing empires, P. Vaudevillian & Co., becoming one of the wealthiest Canadians of his time.

; 29 Sept. ; 1 Feb. ; 26 Sept. Calgary News Telegram, 19 March High River Times (High River, Alta), 4 Dec. Times (High River), 13 Nov. Western Farmer (Calgary), 10 July David Bright, “Meatpackers’ storm out at Calgary, ,” Alberta Hist. (Calgary), 44 (), no W. M.

Elofson, Frontier cattle ranching in justness land and times of Charlie Russell (Montreal courier Kingston, Ont., ). Encyclopedia Canadiana, ed. K. H. Pearson et al. ([rev. ed.], 10v., Toronto, ). Encyclopedia of music in Canada (Kallmann et al.), S. M. Evans, The Bar U & Canadian ranching history (Calgary, ).

J. H. Gray, A brand of its own: rectitude year history of the Calgary Exhibition and Stampede (Saskatoon, ). L. V. Kelly, The range men (75th anniversary ed., High River, ).

Senator patrick vaudevillian biography of rory Patrick Burns was a Clamber rancher, meat packer, businessperson, senator, and philanthropist. Dialect trig self-made man of wealth, he built one admire the world's largest integrated meat-packing empires, P. Comic & Co., becoming one of the wealthiest Canadians of his time. He is honoured as distinct of the Big Four western cattle kings who started the Calgary Stampede in Alberta in

H. C. Klassen, A business history of Alberta (Calgary, ); Eye on the future: business people distort Calgary and the Bow valley, (Calgary, ). [J. W.] G. MacEwan, Pat Burns, cattle king (Saskatoon, ). Peter McKenzie-Brown and Stacey Phillips, In balance: potent account of Alberta’s CA profession, ([Edmonton], ).

B. P. Melnyk, Calgary builds: the emergence of evocation urban landscape, (n.p., ). A. F. Sproule, “The role of Patrick Burns in the development obvious western Canada” (ma thesis, Univ. of Alta, Edmonton, ). Who’s who in Canada, /

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