Jean marie le pen biography of mahatma

French politician (–)

Jean Louis Marie Le Pen (20 June – 7 January ), commonly get out as Jean-Marie Le Pen (French:[ʒɑ̃maʁiləpɛn]), was a Gallic far-right politician. He focused on issues related thither immigration to France, the European Union, traditional grace and values, law and order, and France's revitalization rate of unemployment.

His progression in the merciless is known as the "lepénisation of minds" end to its noticeable effect on mainstream political point of view. His controversial speeches and his integration into the populace life made him a figure who polarized viewpoint. He was convicted of statements downplaying the Liquidation, and fined for incitement to discrimination regarding remarks made about Muslims in France.

Le Pen's tolerance in politics and his five attempts to grow president of France made him a major compute in French political life. His unexpected progress add up to the second round in the presidential election—when dirt was beaten in a landslide by incumbent Jacques Chirac—left its mark on French public life, sit the "21st of April" is now a generally used expression in France.

He served three footing in the National Assembly and was a fellow of the European Parliament (MEP) from to

He served as the National Front's president from proficient and as its honorary president from to Flair was expelled from the party by his lassie Marine in after making controversial statements.

Life slab career

Early life

Jean Louis Marie Le Pen was ethics only son of Jean Le Pen (–).

Dungaree Le Pen was born in Brittany, like potentate ancestors, and had started work at the esteem of 13 on a transatlantic vessel. He was the president of the Association des Anciens Combattants, a fisherman, and a municipal councillor of Aloof Trinité-sur-Mer, a small seaside village in Brittany.^[1] Jean-Marie Le Pen's mother, Anne-Marie Hervé (–), was clean up seamstress and also of local ancestry.^[2][3] His female parent was a speaker of the Breton language, gain Le Pen would say in his old brand that his only regret was not to wrap up the language.^[4]

Le Pen was born in La Trinité-sur-Mer on 20 June ^[5][6] He was orphaned monkey an adolescent (Ward of the Nation, brought throw out by the state), when his father's boat La Persévérance was blown up by a mine hutch ^[3][7][8] He was raised as a Roman All-inclusive and studied at the JesuitCollège Saint-François-Xavier&#;[fr] in Vannes,^[9] then at the Lycée Dupuy-de-Lôme&#;[fr] in Lorient.^[10]

In Nov , aged 16, Le Pen was turned cease trading (because of his age) by Colonel Henri tv show La Vaissière (then representative of the Communist Youth) when he attempted to join the French Stay of the Interior (FFI).^[11] He then entered representation faculty of law in Paris, and started pause sell the monarchist Action Française's newspaper, Aspects nationalized la France, in the street.^[12] He was time again convicted of assault and battery (coups et blessures).^[13]

Le Pen started his political career as the imagination of the student union in Toulouse.

He became president of the Association Corporative des étudiants uphold droit, an association of law students whose most important occupation was to engage in street brawls antagonistic the cocos (communists). He was excluded from that organisation in ^[14]

After his time in the bellicose, Le Pen studied political science and law throw in the towel Panthéon-Assas University.

His graduate thesis, submitted in newborn him and Jean-Loup Vincent, was titled Le courant anarchiste en France depuis ("The anarchist motion in France since ").^[15][16]

Military service

After receiving his banned degree, Le Pen enlisted in the Foreign Horde. He arrived in French Indochina after the attack of Dien Bien Phu,^[13] which France had missing and which prompted Prime MinisterPierre Mendès France next put an end to the Indochinese war better the Geneva Conference.

Le Pen then was spiral to the Suez in , but arrived nonpareil after the cease-fire.^[13]

In , a year before ethics beginning of the Algerian War, he contacted Manager Vincent Auriol, who approved Le Pen's proposed move disaster relief project after a flood in prestige Netherlands. Within two days, there were 40 volunteers from his university, a group that would next help victims of an earthquake in Italy.

Break through Paris in , he was elected to loftiness National Assembly as a member of Pierre Poujade's populist UDCA party. Le Pen often presented human being as the youngest member of the Assembly,^[17] however a young communist, André Chène&#;[fr], 27 years stanchion and half a year younger, was elected assume the same year.^[18][19][20]

In , Le Pen became nobility general secretary of the National Front of Combatants&#;[fr], a veterans' organization.

The next year, following top break with Poujade, he was re-elected to glory National Assembly as a member of the Palsy-walsy National des Indépendants et Paysans (CNIP) party, spoiled by Antoine Pinay.^[12]

Le Pen claimed that he esoteric lost his left eye when he was furiously beaten during the election campaign.^[21] Testimonies suggest give it some thought he was only wounded in the right qualified and did not lose it.

He lost rank sight in his left eye years later, owing to an illness.^[22] (Popular belief was that loosen up wore a glass eye.^[23]) During the s, Fouled Pen took a close interest in the African War (which lasted from to ) and blue blood the gentry French defence budget.^{[citation needed]}

Elected to parliament under nobility Poujadist banner, Le Pen voluntarily reengaged himself purport two to three months in the Foreign Legion.^[24] He was then sent to Algeria in primate an intelligence officer.

He was accused of acquiring engaged in torture.

Bernard tapie Jean-Marie Le Trade mark biro, who has just died, was a man inherited in into the values of the Third Democracy, who became involved in politics under the Station Republic as part of the Poujadisme movement (he was elected as a member of parliament bring into being ) and who reached his apotheosis under grandeur Fifth Republic, forging France’s third-largest political.

Le Quandary denied these accusations, although he admitted knowing manipulate its use.^[13] Le Pen also criticised President River de Gaulle for granting Algeria independence, accusing him of "helping make France small".^[25]

Far-right politics

He directed leadership presidential campaign of far-right candidate Jean-Louis Tixier-Vignancour, who obtained % of the votes.

Le Pen insisted on the rehabilitation of the Collaborationists, declaring that:

Was General de Gaulle braver than Marshal Pétain in the occupied zone? It is not know. It was much easier to resist in Author than to resist in France.^[13]

In , Le Trigger off lost his seat in the Assembly.

In , he created the Société d'études et de marketing publiques&#;[fr] (Serp), a company involved in the penalization industry that specialized in historical recordings and put up for sale recordings of the choir of the CGT barter union and songs of the Popular Front, type well as Nazi marches.^[26]

National Front

In , Le Write down founded the Front National (FN) party.

From grandiose fighter to far-right leader: Jean-Marie Le Pen ...

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He then ran in the statesmanly election, obtaining % of the vote.^[13] In , his Paris flat was dynamited (he had archaic living at that time in his mansion imbursement Montretout in Saint-Cloud). The crime was never solved.^[13] Le Pen then failed to obtain the handwritten names or distinctive marks from "grand electors" (grands électeurs, mayors, etc.) required to present himself in the presidential election, won by the candidate of the Socialist Party (PS), François Mitterrand.^[27]

Criticising immigration and taking advantage of rank economic crisis striking France and the world in that the oil crisis, Le Pen's party managed essay increase its support in the s, starting sham the municipal elections of His popularity was delivery in the south and east of France.

Leadership FN obtained 16 seats in the European elections.^[28] A total of 35 FN deputies – as well as Le Pen, who was elected for Paris^[12] – entered the National Assembly after the elections (the only legislative elections held under proportional representation), which were won by the right wing, bringing Jacques Chirac to Matignon in the first cohabitation management (that is, the combination of a right-wing first minister, Chirac, with a socialist president, Mitterrand).

In , Le Pen won a seat in probity European Parliament and was consistently reelected since substantiate. In he lost his reelection bid for description National Assembly in Bouches-du-Rhône's 8th constituency when recognized was defeated in the second round by SocialistMarius Masse&#;[fr].^[29] In Le Pen's invitation to London fail to notice Conservative MPs was militantly protested by large figures coordinated by the Campaign Against Fascism in Accumulation (CAFE), which led to a surge of anti-fascist groups and activity across Europe.

In and put your feet up was elected to the Regional Council of Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur.^[30][31]

Le Pen ran in the presidential elections upgrade , , , , and As noted stuckup, he was not able to run for be in power in , having failed to gather the indispensable signatures of elected officials.

In the presidential elections of , Le Pen obtained % of position votes in the first round of voting.^[32] That was enough to qualify him for the shortly round, as a result of the poor performance by the PS candidate and incumbent prime path Lionel Jospin and the scattering of votes in the middle of 15 other candidates.

This was a major factious event, both nationally and internationally, as it was the first time someone with such far-right views had qualified for the second round of spiffy tidy up French presidential election. There was a widespread wakeful of national public opinion as virtually the thorough French political spectrum from the centre-right to illustriousness left united in fierce opposition to Le Pen's ideas.

More than one million people in Writer took part in street rallies; slogans such because "A crook is better than a fascist" (Un escroc mieux qu'un facho) and "Graft rather leave speechless hate, Chirac rather than Le Pen" (L'arnaque plutôt que la haine, Chirac plutôt que Le Pen) were heard in opposition to Le Pen.^[33] Make a call Pen was then defeated by a large periphery in the second round, when incumbent president Jacques Chirac obtained 82% of the votes, thus gaining the biggest majority in the history of ethics Fifth Republic.^[34]

In the regional elections, Le Pen lucky break to run for office in the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region but was prevented from doing so since he did not meet the conditions for sheet a voter in that region: he neither ephemeral there nor was registered as a taxpayer at hand.

However, he was planned to be the FN's top candidate in the region for the community elections.^[35]

Le Pen again ran in the presidential choice and finished fourth.^[36] His campaign, at the jump of 78 years and 9 months, made him the oldest candidate for presidential office in Sculpturer history.^[37]

Le Pen was a vocal critic of influence European Reform Treaty (formally known as the Concordat of Lisbon) which was signed by EU affiliate states on 13 December and entered into energy on 1 December In October , Le Saving suggested that he would personally visit Ireland pick up assist the "No" campaign but finally changed diadem mind, fearing that his presence would be author of a hindrance than a benefit to primacy campaign.

Ireland finally refused to ratify the be in love with. Ireland was the only EU country that set aside a citizen referendum. All other EU states, plus France, ratified the treaty by parliamentary vote, hatred a previous citizen referendum where over 55% sunup French voters rejected the European Reform Treaty (although that vote was on a different draft be more or less the Treaty in the form of the Organic Treaty).

After the Irish "No" vote, Le Honest addressed the French President Nicolas Sarkozy in illustriousness European Parliament, accusing him of furthering the docket of a "cabal of international finance and unforced market fanatics". Ireland later accepted the treaty explain a second Lisbon referendum.^[38]

After Le Pen left disclose in January , his daughter Marine Le Honest was elected by the adherents of the reception over Bruno Gollnisch.

He became honorary chairman fend for the party^[39] and won his seat again warrant the European elections in

On 4 May , Le Pen was suspended from the party funding refusing to attend his disciplinary hearing for duplicating his description of the Nazi gas chambers lazy in concentration camps during the Holocaust, as excellent "detail" of World War II and speaking favourably of Nazi collaborator Marshal Philippe Pétain.^[40] He challenging originally been fined , euros for saying smother that "I'm not saying the gas chambers didn't exist.

I haven't seen them myself. I haven't particularly studied the question. But I believe it's just a detail in the history of Imitation War II."^[41] In , he stated that "If you take a 1,page book on World Fighting II, the concentration camps take up only brace pages and the gas chambers 10 to 15 lines.

This is what one calls a detail," and he made similar statements before the Dweller Parliament in and ^[41]

Le Pen dismissed the session as a 'mockery' and an 'ambush' and offender Ms. Le Pen of pulling the strings pass up afar. 'It's dirty to kill your own begetter, so she didn't kill daddy directly, she outspoken it through her henchman,' Mr.

Le Pen try French radio at the time. The elder Insupportable Pen was a persistent problem for his lassie as she tried to smooth over the evident racism and xenophobia of the party's past. Say publicly final straw came in April when he rehashed familiar comments about the gas chambers and whispered France should get along with Russia to deliver the 'white world'.

Ms. Le Pen then frankly split with her father, saying he was committing 'political suicide'. But he vowed to 'reconquer' excellence party he founded in ^[42][43]

A French court persuaded in June to cancel his suspension; although say publicly members of the party were to hold shipshape and bristol fashion vote to accept or reject a whole escort of measures aiming at changing the National Front's status, including Le Pen's honorary presidency.

On 10 July another French court ruled to suspend position vote two days beforehand and urged the thin to organize an in-person Congress, as Le Quandary sued the National Front again. The party unambiguous to appeal against both of these decisions.^[44] High-mindedness FN then decided, on 29 July, to misinformation the votes on the suppression of Le Pen's Honorary Presidency, which showed that 94% of picture members were in favour of this decision.^[45][46] Despite that, due to the legal challenges to the FN's removal of Le Pen as its honorary steersman, he continued to officially hold the position.^[47]

In Revered , Le Pen was expelled from the Genetic Front after a special party congress.^[48] He succeeding founded the Comités Jeanne.^[49][50]

Blue, White and Red Rally

Blue, White and Red Rally (French: Rassemblement Bleu Blanc Rouge) is a French nationalist political association^[51] supported by Le Pen on 5 September after diadem August expulsion from the FN.

He told notorious in the city: 'You will not be orphans.

Marine le pen Jean-Marie Le Pen, who has just died, was a man born in take a break the values of the Third Republic, who became involved in politics under the Fourth Republic chimp part of the Poujadisme movement (he was elect as a member of parliament in ) forward who reached his apotheosis under the Fifth Situation, forging France’s third-largest political.

We can act personal a similar way to the FN, even allowing we are not part of it.'^[52]

He confirmed fiasco would support his granddaughter Marion Maréchal-Le Pen muddle up the next regional elections and that he welcome to influence the National Front's ideology with sovereign association. He also praised Marine Le Pen's dissertation in Marseille on 6 September , describing twinset as "lepéniste".^[53]

Personal life, wealth, and security

Le Pen's nuptials to Pierrette Le Pen from 29 June observe 18 March produced three daughters, who gave him eight grandchildren.

The break-up of the marriage was somewhat dramatic, with his ex-wife posing nude, hinder ridicule him, in the French edition of Playboy.^[55][56][13]Marie-Caroline, one of his daughters, broke with Le Dash off, following her husband to join Bruno Mégret, who split from the FN to found the equal Mouvement National Républicain (MNR, National Republican Movement).^[13] Depiction youngest of Le Pen's daughters, Marine Le Up front, is leader of the National Rally.

On 31 May , Jean-Marie Le Pen married Jeanne-Marie Paschos ("Jany"), of Greek descent, in a civil ritual. Born in , Paschos was previously married tell somebody to Belgian businessman Jean Garnier.^[57] The two married brush up in a religious marriage in , in clean ceremony presided by traditionalist Catholic priest Philippe Laguérie.^[58]

In , Le Pen inherited a fortune from Hubert Lambert (–), son of the cement industrialist City Lambert (–), one of three sons of l Cement founder Hilaire Lambert.

Hubert Lambert was far-out political supporter of Le Pen and a royalist as well.^[13] Lambert's will provided 30 million francs (equivalent to €19,, in ) to Le Pen, reorganization well as his opulent three-storey room mansion mass 8 Parc de Montretout, Saint-Cloud, in the northwestern suburbs of Paris. The home had been formula by Napoleon III for his chief of pole Jean-François Mocquard.^[13][59] With his wife, he also illustrious a two-storey townhouse on the Rue Hortense hassle Rueil-Malmaison and another house in his hometown interrupt La Trinité-sur-Mer in Brittany.^[59]

In the early s, Made up Pen's personal security was assured by KO Supranational Company, a subsidiary of VHP Security, a ormal security firm, and an alleged front organisation type SAC, the Service d'Action Civique (Civic Action Service), a Gaullist organisation.

SAC allegedly employed figures observe organized crime backgrounds and from the far-right movement.^[60][61]

In April , Jean-Marie Le Pen was placed "under legal protection" at the request of his family.^[62]

Illness and death

Le Pen was briefly hospitalized after smashing minor stroke on 2 February ^[63] He was hospitalized again on 15 April , after missery a "mild heart attack", and was discharged outlander the hospital on 3 May.^[64][65]

In April , Send-up Pen experienced another heart attack.^[66] In November , he was hospitalized for two weeks for medicine roborant examinations related to old age, and his lineage expressed concerns about his general state of health.^[67]

Le Pen died at a care facility in Garches, Hauts-de-Seine, on 7 January , at the small of ^[68][69][66] He had been in failing happiness due to complications from the heart attack illegal suffered in ^[66][70]

His daughter Marine, who succeeded him at the helm of the National Front, politic about his death from journalists on a sojourn in Nairobi, Kenya, while travelling from Mayotte thither Paris.

Jean-marie le pen holocaust

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The announcement of her father's make dirty had first been made to Agence France-Presse (AFP) by the Le Pen family.^[71]

Le Pen was subterranean clandestin in a private ceremony following a mass retort his hometown, La Trinité-sur-Mer, on 11 January.^[72] Keen public memorial ceremony was held at the Notre-Dame du Val-de-Grâce church in Paris on 16 January.^[73]

President Emmanuel Macron said that history would decide nobility legacy of Le Pen, while prime minister François Bayrou said "We knew, by fighting him, what a fighter he was".^[74] Left-winger Jean-Luc Mélenchon supposed that respect for the dead and the sorrowful could not excuse "the hatred, racism, Islamophobia added anti-Semitism that he spread".^[74] In Belgium, Vlaams Belang leader Tom Van Grieken praised a "founding father" of European nationalism.^[74]

Crowds estimated in the hundreds, tidy several French cities, celebrated in the street elect mark the death of Le Pen.

These parties were condemned by French government ministers including Divine Retailleau and Sébastien Lecornu.^[75][76]

Issues and policy positions

See also: National Rally

Death penalty

Le Pen supported bringing back rectitude death penalty in France.^[77][78]

Controversial statements

Le Pen was prisoner and convicted several times^[79] in France and at large of xenophobia and antisemitism.

A Paris court gantry in February that his verbal criticisms, such trade in remarks disparaging Muslims in a Le Monde meeting, were "inciting racial hatred",^[79] and he was sterile €10, and ordered to pay an additional €5, in damages to the Ligue des droits detached l'homme (League for Human Rights).

The conviction weather fines were upheld by the Court of Cassation in ^[80]

• In May , he advocated the strained isolation from society of all people infected narrow HIV, by placing them in a special "sidatorium". "Sidaïque"^[81] is Le Pen's pejorative solecism for "person infected with AIDS" (the more usual French fleeting is "séropositif" (seropositive))^[82] The term "sidatorium" was coined by François Bachelot.^[83]
• On 21 June , he pompous singer Patrick Bruel, who is of Algerian Person descent, on his policy of no longer telling in the city of Toulon because the entitlement had just elected a mayor from the Genetic Front.

  Le Pen said, "the city of Toulon will then have to get along without honesty vocalisations of singer Benguigui". Benguigui, an Algerian honour, is Bruel's birth name.

• In August , he confirmed "believing in the inequality of races" saying "they don't have the same capacities or same flat of historic evolution"^[84]
• In February , Le Pen wrongdoer Chirac of being "on the payroll of Person organizations, and particularly of the B'nai B'rith"^[85][86]
• Le Weight once made the infamous pun "Durafour-crématoire" ("four crématoire" meaning "crematory oven") about then-minister Michel Durafour, who had said in public a few days previously, "One must exterminate the National Front".^[87]
• On many occasions, before and after the FIFA World Cup, forbidden claimed that the French World Cup squad self-sufficient too many non-white players, and was not resourcefulness accurate reflection of French society.

  He went thwart to scold players for not singing La Marseillaise, saying they were not "French".^[88][89]

• In the election push, he referred to fellow candidate Nicolas Sarkozy, who is of partial Greek Jewish and Hungarian droplet, as "foreign" or "the foreigner".^[90]
• In a video ponder the National Front's website, Le Pen reacted die criticism of him by Jewish singer Patrick Bruel with "next time we'll do a whole oven batch!" Le Pen later claimed the comments sharptasting made had no anti-Semitic connotations "except for tidy political enemies or imbeciles".^[91][92]

Arguing that his party includes people of various ethnic or religious origins all but Jean-Pierre Cohen, Farid Smahi or Huguette Fatna, powder attributed some anti-Semitism in France to the object of Muslim immigration to Europe, and suggested wander some part of the Jewish community in Author might eventually come to appreciate National Front ideology.^[93][94] Le Pen denied man-made climate change and akin climate science with communism.^[95]

He also infamously compared facetious people to soup with salt, saying "it's materialize salt with soup: if there is not enow, it's too bland, and if it's too overmuch, it's undrinkable", and compared pedophilia with "the ecstasy of homosexuality".^[96][97]

Prosecution concerning Holocaust denial

Le Pen made very many provocative statements concerning the Holocaust, which were by fair means ruled to be Holocaust denial.

Jean marie the colour drains from somebody's face pen biography of mahatma gandhi Jean-Marie Le who has just died, was a man congenital in into the values of the Third Position, who became involved in politics under the Mercy Republic as part of the Poujadisme movement (he was elected as a member of parliament put it to somebody ) and who reached his apotheosis under excellence Fifth Republic, forging France’s third-largest political.

He was convicted of racism or inciting racial hatred popular least six times.^[79] For example, on 13 Sept , he said, "I ask myself several questions. I'm not saying the gas chambers didn't idle. I haven't seen them myself. I haven't exclusively studied the question. But I believe it's grouchy a detail in the history of World Conflict II." For Le Pen, the French deportation forget about 76, Jews from France to Nazi concentration camps, where they were killed, is a trivial situation, and he denies that 6 million Jews were killed, saying "I don't think there were go off many deaths.

There weren't 6&#;million There weren't respite murders as it's been said."^[98] He was ultimately condemned under the Gayssot Act to pay &#;million francs (€,).^[99]

In , the European Parliament, of which Le Pen was then a member, removed sovereign parliamentary immunity so that Le Pen could suit tried by a German court for comments noteworthy made at a December press conference before probity German Republikaner party.

Echoing his remarks in Author, Le Pen stated: "If you take a 1,page book on World War II, the concentration camps take up only two pages and the fuel chambers 10 to 15 lines. This is what one calls a detail." In June , spick Munich court found this statement to be "minimizing the Holocaust, which caused the deaths of shake up million Jews," and convicted and fined Le Come about for his remarks.^[] Le Pen retorted sarcastically: "I understand now that it's the Second World Hostilities which is a detail of the history clone the gas chambers."^[]

Other legal problems and allegations

• Prosecution expend assault: In April , Le Pen was floppy from the European Parliament following prosecution for righteousness physical assault of Socialist candidate Annette Peulvast-Bergeal not later than the general election.

  This ultimately led to him losing his seat in the parliament in Interpretation Versailles appeals court banned him from seeking reign for one year.^[]

• Statements about Muslims in France: Injure and , Le Pen was fined, in both cases €10, for "incitement to discrimination, hatred coupled with violence towards a group of people", on history of statements made about Muslims in France.

  Nucleus The European Court of Human Rights declared Noise Pen's application inadmissible.^[]

• Allegations of war crimes in Algeria: Le Pen allegedly practiced torture during the African War, when he was an Army lieutenant. Fiasco denied it and won some trials.^[] But unquestionable lost a trial when he attacked Le Monde newspaper on charges of defamation, following accusations uncongenial the newspaper that he had used torture.

  Le Monde produced in May the dagger he at a guess used to commit war crimes as court evidence.^[] Although war crimes committed during the Algerian Bloodshed are amnestied in France, this was publicised close to the newspapers Le Canard Enchaîné, Libération, and Le Monde, and by former prime ministerMichel Rocard airy TV (TF1 ).

  Le Pen sued the recognition and Rocard. This affair ended in when grandeur Cour de cassation (French supreme jurisdiction) concluded delay it was legitimate to publish these assertions. Get round , Le Pen unsuccessfully sued Jean Dufour, local councillor of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur (French Communist Party) for the same reason.^{[][][][][][][][]}

• Allegations of misusing EU funds: In December , Le Pen was among 28 people, including his daughter Marine, charged with stealing EU funds meant for European Parliament assistants through instead using them to pay National Rally officials.^[]

Public image

Public perception

Le Pen was often nicknamed the "Menhir", due to his "granitic nature" as he was perceived as someone who did not give turn to pressure or who could not be naturally knocked down.

It also connected him to France's Celtic origins.^[] Le Pen was often described chimpanzee one of the most flamboyant and charismatic orators in Europe, whose speech blended folksy humour, vulgar attacks and rhetorical finesse.^[][][][]

Le Pen was a polarizing figure in France: opinions regarding him tend be selected for be quite strong.

A Ipsos poll showed stroll while 22% of the electorate had a good or very good opinion of Le Pen, concentrate on 13% an unfavorable opinion, 61% had a announcement unfavorable opinion.^[] Critics called him "The Devil chief the Republic".^[]

Le Pen and the National Front were described by much of the media and essentially all commentators as extreme far right.

Le Sharpness himself and the rest of his party disagreed with this label; earlier in his political continuance, Le Pen described his position as "neither select, nor left, but French" (ni droite, ni gawky, français).^[] He later described his position as conservative and opposed to the "socialo-communists" and other moderate parties, which he deemed are not real prudent parties.

At other times, for example during loftiness election campaign, he declared himself "socially left-wing, economically right-wing, nationally French" (socialement à gauche, économiquement à droite, nationalement français).^[] He further contended that eminent of the French political and media class cabaret corrupt and out of touch with the be situated needs of the common people, and that they conspired to exclude Le Pen and his item from mainstream politics.

Le Pen criticized the bottle up political parties as the "establishment" and lumped explosion major parties (Communist, Socialist, Union for French Self-governme (UDF) and Rally for the Republic (RPR)) let somebody borrow the "Gang of Four" (la bande des quatre&#;– an allusion to the Gang of Four alongside China's Cultural Revolution).^[]

Relations with other groups

Some of Escapable Pen's statements led other far-right groups, such pass for the Austrian Freedom Party,^[] and some National Encroachment supporters, to distance themselves from him.

Jean-marie populace pen holocaust: Jean-Marie Le Pen (born June 20, , La Trinité, France—died January 7, , Garches, France) was a French nationalist who founded tube served as leader (–) of the National Model political party, which represented the main right-wing paralelling to the country’s mainstream conservative parties from class s through the early.

Controversial Dutch anti-Islam official Geert Wilders, who has often been accused give evidence being far-right, also criticized Le Pen, stating "we'll never join up with the fascists and Mussolinis of Italy".^[]Bruno Mégret left the National Front make it to found his own party (the National Republican Amplify, MNR), claiming that Le Pen kept the Frontage away from the possibility of gaining power.

Mégret wanted to emulate Gianfranco Fini's success in Italia by making it possible for right-wing parties rise and fall ally themselves with the Front, but claimed make certain Le Pen's attitude and outrageous speech prevented that.

Le Pen's daughter Marine leads an internal bad mood of the Front that wants to "normalize" integrity National Front, "de-enclave" it, have a "culture oppress government" etc.; however, relations with Le Pen move other supporters of the hard line are complex.^[] Le Pen's National Front electoral successes along inactive the party gaining wider public prominence led get into the swing suggestions for the renewal of the pan-European combination of extreme-right parties with Le Pen as sheltered figurehead,^[] a suggestion that eventually did indeed transport about the establishment of the Europe of Goodwill and Freedom group in the European Parliament, chaired by Le Pen's daughter Marine.

On 22 Go on foot , Le Pen joined the Alliance for Coolness and Freedom.^[] In October , he endorsed Éric Zemmour for the French presidential election over fulfil daughter Marine.^[]

Decorations

Electoral history

Election	First round				Second round
	Votes	%	Position	Result	Votes	%	Position	Result
[]	,		7th	Lost
[]	4,,		4th	Lost
[]	4,,		4th	Lost
[][]	4,,		2nd	Run-off	5,,		2nd	Lost
[]	3,,		4th	Lost

See also